Kuyo yonke inqubo yokwenza iphepha "yokuphula - ukwenza iphepha - ukuqeda", umshini wokuhlanza uyithuluzi elibalulekile elinquma ukusebenza kwefayibha kanye nekhwalithi yephepha. Ngezenzo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, noma ezihlanganisiwe zemishini kanye nezamakhemikhali, uyasika, ucwebezelisa, i-fibrillation, futhi ucwenge imicu ye-pulp, okwenza imicu ekhululekile ekuqaleni yakhe amandla okubopha aqinile, futhi ekugcineni unikeze iphepha ukusebenza okuyinhloko njengokuqina, ukufana, kanye nokumuncwa kweyinki. Kusukela ezigayweni zamatshe zendabuko kuya emishinini yesimanje ehlakaniphile, ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe kwabacwengisi bekulokhu kugxile ezimisweni ezintathu eziyinhloko "zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukunemba, kanye nokongiwa kwamandla", okuba ukwesekwa okubalulekile kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokwenza iphepha.

I. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko kanye Nesimiso Sokusebenza Sabahlanzi

Umsebenzi oyinhloko womhluzi “ukuthuthukisa isimo sefayibha”, futhi isimiso sawo sokusebenza singafingqwa ngokuthi “ukuguqulwa kwefayibha ngaphansi kwesenzo somshini”:

• Isimiso Esiyisisekelo: Lapho i-pulp idlula phakathi kwama-disc (noma ama-rolls) omshini wokuhlanza, ibhekana namandla ahlanganisiwe okusebenza njengokugunda, ukukhipha, nokuxova. Izindonga zamaseli e-fiber ziyadabuka ukuze zakhe ama-microfibrils, futhi ubuso bukhiqiza isakhiwo esiqinile se-fibrillated. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imicu emide kakhulu iyasikwa ngokufanele, okwenza ukusatshalaliswa kobude be-fiber kuhambisane nezidingo zokwenza iphepha.
• Imisebenzi Eyinhloko: Okokuqala, thuthukisa amandla okubopha ifayibha ukuze iphepha libe namandla anele okubamba, amandla okudabuka, kanye namandla okuqhuma; okwesibili, thuthukisa ukufana kokuhlanganisa ifayibha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphepha lilingana futhi lithambile; okwesithathu, vumelanisa nezidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha, njengephepha elivamile elidinga imicu emincane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphrinta, kanye nephepha lokupakisha elidinga imicu emide neyikhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina.

II. Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko kanye Nezimpawu Zobuchwepheshe Zabahlanzi

Ngokusho komklamo wesakhiwo, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, abahlanzi abavamile embonini yokwenza amaphepha bahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezine ezilandelayo, ngasinye sinokugxila kwaso kobuchwepheshe kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa:

1. Umhluzi Wediski

• Izici Zesakhiwo: Yakhiwe ngediski eqondile (idiski engashintshi) kanye nediski ejikelezayo (idiski ejikelezayo). Ubuso bediski busatshalaliswa ngezindawo zokugaya zezimo ezahlukene zamazinyo (njenge-serrated, trapezoidal, spiral), futhi ukuqina kokucwenga kulawulwa ngokulungisa igebe lediski.
• Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe: Ukusebenza kahle kokucwenga okuphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwefayibha efanayo. Ingazivumelanisa nezimpuphu ezahlukahlukene (i-pulp yokhuni, i-pulp yotshani, i-pulp yephepha elingcolile) ngokufaka esikhundleni sezimo zamazinyo e-disc, okwenza kube yimishini yokucwenga esetshenziswa kakhulu emboza iphepha lamasiko, iphepha lokupakisha, iphepha langasese, nezinye izinhlobo zephepha.
• Izinhlobo ezincane: Umshini wokuhlaziya amadiski amabili (osebenza ohlangothini olulodwa lwediski), umshini wokuhlaziya amadiski amabili (osebenza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zediski ngesikhathi esisodwa), umshini wokuhlaziya amadiski amathathu (idiski ephakathi nendawo engashintshi + amadiski amabili ajikelezayo ohlangothini, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu).

2. Umhluzi Oyindilinga

• Izici Zesakhiwo: Yamukela inhlanganisela ye-stator eyindilinga kanye ne-rotor. I-pulp iqhubekela phambili ngokuzungeza eduze kwegebe eliyindilinga, ibhekene nokugundwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokukhishwa. Ukuqina kokucwenga kungalawulwa ngokunembile ngokulungisa igebe eliyindilinga.
• Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe: Ukusika ifayibha okuncane, umphumela omuhle we-fibrillation, ofanele izinhlobo zephepha ezidinga ukugcinwa kwefayibha ubude obuphezulu (njengephepha le-kraft, i-linerboard). Iphinde ibe nokuzinza okuqinile kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhluza okwesibili kwephayiphu yephepha elingcolile noma ukucutshungulwa kahle kwephayiphu yezinga eliphezulu.

3. Umhluzi Wesilinda

• Izici Zesakhiwo: Yakhiwe ngomqulu wokugaya oyisilinda kanye nepuleti lokugaya elinomumo we-arc. Ubuso bomqulu wokugaya buhlonyiswe ngamazinyo okugaya ajikelezayo noma ajikelezayo. Ukujikeleza komqulu wokugaya kuqhuba ukugeleza kwe-pulp futhi kuqedele inqubo yokucwenga.
• Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe: Ukubekezelela okuphezulu ukungcola (njengezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, izingcezu zepulasitiki) ku-pulp, akulula ukuzivimba. Ifanelekela ukugaya i-pulp yephepha elingcolile noma ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zefayibha eqinile njenge-pulp yotshani, evame ukusetshenziswa enqubweni yokucwenga engaphambili yemigqa yokukhiqiza i-pulp.

4. Umhluzi Osebenza Ngokuvumelana Okuphezulu

• Izici Zesakhiwo: Ifanelekela izindawo ze-pulp ezihambisana kahle (15%-40%). Isebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokudla (njenge-screw feeder) ukuqinisekisa ukungena kwe-pulp okufanayo endaweni yokugaya. Isimo sezinyo le-disc ikakhulukazi siwumklamo wamazinyo abanzi kanye nesikhala esikhulu ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokuxova i-fiber.
• Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe: Izinga eliphezulu le-fibrillation yefayibha, amandla aqinile okubopha, okungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ephepha. Ezindaweni ezivumelana kakhulu, ukusika ifayibha kuncane futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi. Ifanele ukuhluzwa kahle kwezinhlobo zephepha zezinga eliphezulu (njengephepha elimboziwe, iphepha elikhethekile) noma ukucubungula i-pulp okudinga ukubopha ifayibha okunamandla aphezulu.

III. Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Abalulekile kanye Nezimiso Zokukhetha Abahlanzi

1. Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Oyinhloko

• Ukucwenga Ukuvumelana: Ihlukaniswe ngokuhambisana okuphansi (≤8%), ukuvumelana okuphakathi (8%-15%), kanye nokuvumelana okuphezulu (≥15%). Ukuvumelana kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokucwenga kanye nesimo sefayibha, njengokucwenga okuphezulu okugxile ku-fibrillation kanye nokucwenga okuphansi okugxile ekusikeni.
• Isikhala Sediski: Ipharamitha eyinhloko enquma ukuqina kokucwenga. Uma igebe lincane, ukuqina kokucwenga kuyanda. Kudingeka kulungiswe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwezidingo zohlobo lwephepha kanye nezici ze-pulp (ngokuvamile kulawulwa ku-0.1-1.0mm).
• Ukuma Kwamazinyo Ediski Nobubanzi Bamazinyo: Ukuma kwezinyo kuthinta indlela imicu ecindezelwa ngayo (ukuma kwezinyo elifana ne-shear kufaneleka ukusika, ukuma kwezinyo elifana ne-cowding kufaneleka ukuqina kwe-fibrillation). Ububanzi bezinyo bunquma indawo yokuxhumana yendawo yokugaya, okudingeka ifane nohlobo lwe-pulp kanye ne-refined target.
• Amandla Emoto kanye Nesivinini Sokujikeleza: Amandla anquma umthamo wokucwenga (ngokuvamile u-55-1000kW), kanti isivinini sokujikeleza sithinta isivinini somugqa wediski (ngokuvamile u-1500-3000r/min). Isivinini esiphezulu somugqa sisho amandla aqinile okucheba, afanele izidingo zokucwenga ezinamandla kakhulu.
• Umthamo: Kukhethwe ngokwesilinganiso somugqa wokukhiqiza. Umthamo womshini owodwa uvame ukuba ngu-5-100t/ngosuku, futhi imigqa yokukhiqiza emikhulu ingasebenzisa uchungechunge lwamayunithi amaningi noma ukucushwa okuhambisanayo.

2. Izimiso Zokukhetha Okuyinhloko

• Zivumelanise Nezidingo Zohlobo Lwephepha: Ephepheni lokupakisha elinamandla aphezulu, kuqala kunikezwa abahlanzi abaqinile noma abahlanzi abayindilinga; ephepheni elihle lamasiko, kungakhethwa abahlanzi abanediski ephindwe kabili noma abahlanzi abanediski ephindwe kathathu; ekucubungulweni kwe-pulp yephepha elingcolile, kukhethwa abahlanzi abayisilinda noma abahlanzi bediski abangangcolisi.
• Izici Zokufana Kwe-Pulp: I-pulp yokhuni inemicu emide, ngakho-ke gxila ekufibrilleni, kanti izihlungi eziqinile noma izihlungi eziqinile zingakhethwa; i-pulp yotshani inemicu emifushane, ngakho izinga lokusika lidinga ukulawulwa, kanti izihlungi zediski eziqinile zingakhethwa; i-pulp yephepha elingcolile iqukethe ukungcola okuningi, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhethwe imishini engavimbeli ukuvaleka.
• Ukusebenza Kahle Kokulinganisela Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Uma ihlanganiswe nezidingo zomthamo womugqa wokukhiqiza, khetha imishini esebenzisa amandla amancane kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucwenga okuphezulu. Isibonelo, imigqa yokukhiqiza emikhulu ingasebenzisa abacwengisi bediski eli-3, kanti imigqa yokukhiqiza emincane nephakathi ingasebenzisa abacwengisi bediski elilodwa noma abacwengisi bediski eli-2.
• Cabanga Ngokuzivumelanisa Nezimo Okuhlakaniphile: Abahlanzi besimanje bahlonyiswe kakhulu ngezinhlelo zokulawula ze-PLC, ezingaqaphela ukuqapha kwangempela kwenqubo yokucwenga (njengobude befayibha, ukuqina kwe-pulp, isimo sokuguguleka kwediski) kanye nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-closed-loop. Uma ukhetha, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa izinga lobuhlakani bomugqa wokukhiqiza futhi unikeze kuqala imishini engasetshenziswa kunethiwekhi futhi kulula ukuyinakekela.

IV. Imikhuba Yokuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Yabahlanzi

Njengoba imboni yokwenza amaphepha ishintsha ibe “ubuhlakani obuluhlaza obunekhabhoni ephansi, obusebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu”, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga buveza izinkomba ezintathu ezinkulu zentuthuko:

• Ukuthuthukiswa Okuhlakaniphile: Hlanganisa izinzwa, i-Inthanethi Yezinto, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-AI ukuze kuqashwe inqubo yokucwenga ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-closed-loop, kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokucwenga kanye nokuzinza.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kokonga Amandla: Lungiselela ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sediski (njengokuma kwezinyo le-bionic), sebenzisa ama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ukuze unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhlanza amayunithi. Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlanza zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-15%-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yendabuko.
• Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemisebenzi Eminingi: Thuthukisa imishini ehlanganisiwe "yokucwenga - ukuhlunga - ukuhlanza" ukuze kuncishiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nendawo yokubeka phansi imishini; gxila ezidingweni zephepha ezikhethekile, thuthukisa imishini yokuhlunga ekhethekile (njengemishini yokuhlunga i-fiber ecolekile kakhulu, imishini yokuhlunga ekhethekile ye-bio-mechanical pulp) ukuze kwandiswe izimo zokusetshenziswa.

Njengomuntu “oyisici esiyinhloko” sokukhiqizwa kwephepha, izinga lobuchwepheshe labahlanzi lihlobene ngqo nekhwalithi yephepha, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo. Ngokomongo wemboni yokwenza iphepha ephishekela intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zabahlanzi, ukwenza ngcono imingcele ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuhambisana nezitayela zokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani nokonga amandla kuzoba isiqinisekiso esibalulekile samabhizinisi sokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo okuyinhloko.