Enqubweni yokukhiqiza imishini yamaphepha, imiqulu ehlukahlukene idlala indima ebalulekile, kusukela ekususeni amanzi kuma-web ephepha elimanzi kuya ekusethweni kwama-web ephepha elomile. Njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwemiqulu yemishini yamaphepha, "umqhele" - naphezu komehluko omncane wejometri obonakala uhilelekile - unquma ngqo ukufana kanye nokuqina kwekhwalithi yephepha. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuphelele ubuchwepheshe bomqhele wama-web emishini yamaphepha kusukela ezicini zencazelo, isimiso sokusebenza, ukuhlukaniswa, izici ezibalulekile ezithonya ekwakhiweni, kanye nokugcinwa, kwembula inani lawo elibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwephepha.

1. Incazelo Yomqhele: Umsebenzi Obalulekile Emihlukweni Emincane

Igama elithi “Crown” (elichazwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi “Crown”) libhekisela ngqo esakhiweni esikhethekile sejometri yama-roll omshini wephepha ohlangothini lwe-axial (ngobude). Ububanzi bendawo ephakathi yomzimba we-roll bukhulu kancane kunobezindawo zokugcina, kwakha i-contour efana “nesigubhu sesinqe”. Lo mehluko wobubanzi uvame ukulinganiswa ngama-micrometer (μm), futhi inani lomqhele weminye imiqulu emikhulu yokucindezela lingafinyelela ngisho ku-0.1-0.5 mm.

Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokulinganisa umklamo womqhele "inani lomqhele", elibalwa njengomehluko phakathi kobubanzi obukhulu bomzimba womgqomo (ngokuvamile phakathi nendawo yesiqondiso se-axial) kanye nobubanzi beziphetho zomgqomo. Empeleni, ukwakheka komqhele kuhilela ukusetha kusengaphambili lo mehluko omncane wobubanzi ukuze kulungiswe ukuguquguquka "kokugoba okuphakathi" komgqomo okubangelwa yizici ezifana namandla kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela. Ekugcineni, kufeza ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kokucindezela kokuxhumana kulo lonke ububanzi bomgqomo kanye newebhu yephepha (noma ezinye izingxenye zokuthintana), okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sekhwalithi yephepha.

2. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Yomqhele: Ukubuyisela Ukuguquka Nokugcina Ingcindezi Efanayo

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwama-roll omshini wephepha, ukuguqulwa akunakugwenywa ngenxa yemithwalo yemishini, izinguquko zokushisa, nezinye izici. Ngaphandle komklamo womqhele, lokhu kuguqulwa kuzoholela ekucindezelweni kokuxhumana okungalingani phakathi kobuso bomqhele kanye newebhu yephepha — “ukucindezela okuphezulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi kanye nokucindezela okuphansi phakathi” — okubangela ngqo izinkinga ezinkulu zekhwalithi njengesisindo esiyisisekelo esingalingani kanye nokuncishiswa kwamanzi okungalingani kwephepha. Inani eliyinhloko lomqhele lilele ekukhokheleni ngenkuthalo lokhu kuguqulwa, okubonakala ngokukhethekile kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

2.1 Ukubuyisela Ukuguqulwa Kokugoba Kwemigoqo

Uma imiqulu eyinhloko yemishini yamaphepha, njengemiqulu yokucindezela kanye nemiqulu yekhalenda, isebenza, idinga ukufaka ingcindezi enkulu kuwebhu yephepha. Isibonelo, ingcindezi eqondile yemiqulu yokucindezela ingafinyelela ku-100-500 kN/m. Kumiqulu enesilinganiso esikhulu sobude kuya kububanzi (isb., ubude bemiqulu yokucindezela emishinini yamaphepha enobubanzi obubanzi bungaba amamitha angu-8-12), ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kokugoba phansi phakathi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okufana "nokugoba kwenduku yamahlombe ngaphansi komthwalo". Lokhu kuguqulwa kubangela ingcindezi yokuxhumana ngokweqile phakathi kweziphetho zemiqulu kanye newebhu yephepha, kuyilapho ingcindezi ephakathi inganele. Ngenxa yalokho, iwebhu yephepha iyasuswa amanzi kakhulu kuzo zombili iziphetho (okuholela ekomeni okuphezulu kanye nesisindo esiphansi) kanye nokususwa amanzi kancane phakathi (okuholela ekomeni okuphansi kanye nesisindo esiphezulu).

Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo "esimise okwesigubhu" somklamo womqhele siqinisekisa ukuthi ngemva kokugoba komqulu, lonke ubuso bomqulu buhlala buxhumene newebhu yephepha, kufezwa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi okufanayo. Lokhu kulungisa ngempumelelo izingozi zekhwalithi ezibangelwa ukuguquguquka komqulu.

2.2 Ukubuyisela Ukuguqulwa Kokushisa Kwe-Roll

Eminye imiqulu, njengemiqulu yokuqondisa kanye nemiqulu yekhalenda esigabeni sokomisa, inwetshwa ngokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngenxa yokuthintana nama-web ephepha ashisa kakhulu kanye nokushisa ngomusi. Njengoba ingxenye ephakathi yomzimba wemiqulu ifudunyezwa ngokugcwele (iziphetho zixhunywe kuma-bearings futhi zikhipha ukushisa ngokushesha), ukwanda kwayo ngokushisa kukhulu kunokweziphetho, okuholela "ekuqhumeni okuphakathi" komzimba wemiqulu. Kulesi simo, ukusetshenziswa komklamo womqhele ojwayelekile kuzokwandisa ingcindezi yokuxhumana engalingani. Ngakho-ke, "umqhele ongemuhle" (lapho ububanzi bengxenye ephakathi buncane kancane kunobo beziphetho, owaziwa nangokuthi "umqhele ongemuva") udinga ukwakhiwa ukuze kulungiswe iqhubu elengeziwe elibangelwa ukwanda kokushisa, kuqinisekiswe ingcindezi yokuxhumana efanayo ebusweni bemiqulu.

2.3 Ukubuyisela i-Uneven Roll Surface Wear

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, eminye imiqulu (njengemiqulu yerabha yokucindezela) ibhekana nokungqubuzana okuvamile emaphethelweni ewebhu yephepha (njengoba emaphethelweni ewebhu yephepha ivame ukuthwala ukungcola), okuholela ekugugeni okusheshayo emaphethelweni kunaphakathi. Ngaphandle komklamo womqhele, ubuso bomqhele buzobonisa "ukuvuvuka phakathi bese bugoba emaphethelweni" ngemva kokuguguleka, okuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi. Ngokubeka umqhele kusengaphambili, ukufana kokwakheka kobuso bomqhele kungagcinwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuguguleka, kwandise impilo yenkonzo yomqhele futhi kunciphise ukuguquguquka kokukhiqiza okubangelwa ukuguguleka.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa Komqhele: Ukukhetha Kobuchwepheshe Okulungiselelwe Izimo Zokusebenza Ezihlukene

Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomshini wephepha (owesivinini esiphansi/owesivinini esiphezulu, obanzi obuncane/obanzi), umsebenzi wokugoqa (ukucindezela/ukulinganisa/ukuqondisa), kanye nezidingo zenqubo, umqhele ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomqhele ziyahlukahluka ngezici zomklamo, izindlela zokulungisa, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, njengoba kuchazwe kuthebula elilandelayo:

4. Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithonyayo Ekuklanyweni Komqhele: Ukubalwa Okunembile Ukuze Kuvumelane Nezidingo Zokukhiqiza

Inani lomqhele alibekwanga ngokungahleliwe; lidinga ukubalwa ngokuphelele ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha okugoqa kanye nezimo zenqubo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo ngempumelelo. Izici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukwakheka komqhele zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

4.1 Ubukhulu Bomqulu kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo

1. Ubude Bomzimba Wokugoqa (L): Uma umzimba wokugoqa umude, kulapho ukugoba kukhulu khona ngaphansi kwengcindezi efanayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inani lomqhele elidingekayo liba likhulu. Isibonelo, imiqulu emide emishinini yephepha enobubanzi obubanzi idinga inani lomqhele elikhulu kunemiqulu emfushane emishinini yephepha enobubanzi obuncane ukuze kulungiswe ukugoba.
2. Ububanzi Bomzimba Ogoqekayo (D): Uma ububanzi bomzimba we-roll buncane, ukuqina kuyancipha, futhi uma i-roll ishintshashintsha kakhulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka inani elikhulu lomqhele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiqulu enobubanzi obukhulu inokuqina okuphezulu, futhi inani lomqhele lingancishiswa ngokufanele.
3. Ukuqina Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: Izinto ezahlukene zemizimba yemigoqo zinokuqina okuhlukile; isibonelo, imigoqo yensimbi inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunemigoqo yensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi. Izinto ezinokuqina okuphansi zibonisa ukuguquguquka okuphawulekayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okudinga inani elikhulu lomqhele.

4.2 Ingcindezi Yokusebenza (Ingcindezi Eqondile)

Ingcindezi yokusebenza (ingcindezi eqondile) yama-rolls njenge-press rolls kanye ne-calendar rolls iyisici esibalulekile esithonya ukwakheka komqhele. Uma ingcindezi eqondile inkulu, kulapho ukugoba komzimba we-roll kukhulu khona, futhi inani lomqhele lidinga ukukhushulwa ngokufanele ukuze kulungiswe ukugoba. Ubudlelwano babo bungabonakaliswa ngendlela elula: I-Crown Value H ≈ (P×L³)/(48×E×I), lapho i-P iyingcindezi eqondile, i-L iyi-roll length, i-E iyi-elastic modulus yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanti i-I iyi-module ye-inertia ye-roll cross-section. Isibonelo, ingcindezi eqondile yama-press rolls ephepha lokupakisha imvamisa ingaphezu kuka-300 kN/m, ngakho-ke inani lomqhele elihambisanayo kudingeka libe likhulu kune-press rolls yephepha lamasiko elinengcindezi ephansi eqondile.

4.3 Isivinini Somshini Nohlobo Lwephepha

1. Isivinini Somshini: Uma imishini yephepha enesivinini esikhulu (isivinini esingaphezu kuka-1200 m/min) isebenza, iwebhu yephepha ibucayi kakhulu ekulinganeni kwengcindezi kunaleyo emishinini yephepha enesivinini esiphansi. Ngisho nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwengcindezi kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwekhwalithi yephepha. Ngakho-ke, imishini yephepha enesivinini esikhulu ivame ukusebenzisa "umqhele olawulekayo" ukuze ithole isinxephezelo sesikhathi sangempela sokuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo nokuqinisekisa ingcindezi ezinzile.
2. Uhlobo Lwephepha: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha zinezidingo ezahlukene zokufana kwengcindezi. Iphepha lezicubu (isb., iphepha langasese elinesisindo esiyisisekelo esingu-10-20 g/m²) linesisindo esiphansi esiyisisekelo futhi lizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwengcindezi, okudinga ukwakheka komqhele okunembe kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iphepha elijiyile (isb., ikhadibhodi elinesisindo esiyisisekelo esingu-150-400 g/m²) linamandla aqinile okubekezelela ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi, ngakho-ke izidingo zokunemba komqhele zingancishiswa ngokufanele.

5. Izinkinga Ezivamile Zomqhele Nokunakekelwa: Ukuhlolwa Ngesikhathi Ukuze Kuqinisekiswe Ukukhiqizwa Okuzinzile

Umklamo womqhele ongenangqondo noma ukulungiswa okungafanele kuzothinta ngqo ikhwalithi yephepha futhi kubangele uchungechunge lwezinkinga zokukhiqiza. Izinkinga ezivamile zomqhele kanye nezinyathelo zokumelana nazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

5.1 Inani Lomqhele Omkhulu Kakhulu

Inani elikhulu kakhulu lomqhele liholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu phakathi kobuso bomgoqo, okuholela ekutheni kube nesisindo esincane kanye nokoma okuphezulu kwephepha phakathi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ngisho "nokuchotshozwa" (ukuphuka kwefayibha), okuthinta amandla kanye nokubukeka kwephepha.

Izindlela Zokulwa Nazo: Kuma-crown roll aqinile asetshenziswa emishinini yephepha enesivinini esiphansi, kuyadingeka ukufaka ama-crown value afanele esikhundleni sawo. Kuma-crown roll alawulekayo emishinini yephepha enesivinini esikhulu, ingcindezi ye-hydraulic noma ye-pneumatic ingancishiswa ngohlelo lomqhele olulawulekayo ukuze kwehliswe inani lomqhele kuze kube yilapho ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi kufana.

5.2 Inani Lomqhele Elincane Kakhulu

Inani elincane kakhulu lomqhele libangela ukucindezela okunganele phakathi kobuso bomqulu, okuholela ekususweni kwamanzi okwanele kwephepha phakathi, ukoma okuphansi, isisindo esiphezulu, kanye nokukhubazeka kwekhwalithi njengezindawo ezimanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungathinta nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokomisa elandelayo.

Izindlela Zokulwa Nazo: Kuma-crown roll aqinile, umzimba we-roll udinga ukucutshungulwa kabusha ukuze kwandiswe inani lomqhele. Kuma-crown roll alawulekayo, ingcindezi ye-hydraulic noma ye-pneumatic ingandiswa ukuze kwandiswe inani lomqhele, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingcindezi ephakathi ihlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo.

5.3 Ukugqokwa Okungalingani Komqhele We-Contour

Ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside, ubuso bomgoqo buzoguga. Uma ukuguga kungalingani, ukwakheka komqhele kuzoguga, futhi kuzovela “amabala angalingani” ebusweni bomgoqo. Lokhu kubangela amaphutha anjenge-“stripes” kanye “ne-indentations” ephepheni, okuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwephepha.

Izindlela Zokulwa Nazo: Hlola njalo indawo yokugoqa. Uma ukuguguleka kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, gaya bese ulungisa indawo yokugoqa ngesikhathi esifanele (isb. gaya kabusha umugqa womqhele wemigoqo yerabha ecindezelwe) ukuze ubuyisele isimo nosayizi ojwayelekile womqhele futhi uvimbele ukuguguleka ngokweqile ekuthinteni ukukhiqizwa.

6. Isiphetho

Njengobuchwepheshe obubonakala bucashile kodwa bubalulekile, umqhele wemiqulu yemishini yamaphepha uyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephepha efanayo. Kusukela kumqhele oqinile emishinini yephepha enesivinini esiphansi kuya kumqhele olawulekayo emishinini yephepha enesivinini esikhulu, ububanzi, intuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bemiqhele ibilokhu igxile emgomweni oyinhloko "wokukhokhela ukuguqulwa nokufeza ingcindezi efanayo", ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene zokwenza iphepha. Umklamo womqhele onengqondo awuxazululi nje kuphela izinkinga zekhwalithi ezifana nesisindo sephepha esingalingani kanye nokususwa kwamanzi okungekuhle kodwa futhi uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yamaphepha (ukunciphisa inani lokuphuka kwephepha) futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (ukugwema ukomisa ngokweqile). Kuwukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamaphepha ukuze kube "ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi". Ekukhiqizweni kwephepha kwesikhathi esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokunemba kwemishini kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo, ubuchwepheshe bomqhele buzoba ngcono futhi buhlakaniphe, bufake isandla kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemboni yamaphepha.