Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwemishini yamaphepha, ama-rolls ahlukahlukene adlala indima ebalulekile, kusukela ekukhishweni kwamanzi ewebhu yephepha elimanzi kuya ekumisweni kwamawebhu ephepha elomile. Njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwemishini yephepha, "umqhele" - naphezu komehluko obonakala uncane wejometri ohilela - unquma ngokuqondile ukufana nokuzinza kwekhwalithi yephepha. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe bomqhele wamaroli emishini yephepha kusukela ezicini zencazelo, isimiso sokusebenza, ukuhlukaniswa, izici eziyinhloko ezinethonya ekwakhiweni, nasekugcinweni, siveze ukubaluleka kwalo okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni iphepha.

1. Incazelo Yomqhele: Umsebenzi Obalulekile Emehlukweni Encane

“Umqhele” (ovezwe ngesiNgisi ngokuthi “Umqhele”) ubhekise ngqo esakhiweni esikhethekile sejiyomethri yamaroli emishini yephepha ahambisana ne-axial direction (ubude). Ububanzi bendawo ephakathi nendawo ye-roll body bukhulu kancane kunezindawo zokugcina, zakha i-contour efana "nesigubhu okhalweni". Lo mehluko wobubanzi uvame ukukalwa ngama-micrometers (μm), futhi inani lomqhele lamanye amaroli amakhulu okushicilela lingafinyelela ku-0.1-0.5 mm.

Inkomba eyinhloko yokulinganisa umklamo womqhele "inani lomqhele", elibalwa njengomehluko phakathi kobubanzi obukhulu bomzimba we-roll (ngokuvamile endaweni ephakathi nendawo ye-axial direction) kanye nobubanzi bokuphela komqulu. Empeleni, ukwakheka komqhele kuhilela ukusetha kusengaphambili lo mehluko omncane wedayamitha ukuze ulungise ukuwohloka kwe-“middle sag” yomqulu okubangelwa izici ezifana nokushintsha kwamandla nezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwangempela. Ekugcineni, ifinyelela ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kokucindezela kokuxhumana kubo bonke ububanzi bendawo ye-roll kanye newebhu yephepha (noma ezinye izingxenye zokuxhumana), ibeka isisekelo esiqinile sekhwalithi yephepha.

2. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Yomqhele: Ukunxephezela Ukuguqulwa Nokugcina Ingcindezi Efanayo

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemiqulu yemishini yephepha, ukuguqulwa akunakugwenywa ngenxa yemithwalo yemishini, izinguquko zokushisa, nezinye izici. Ngaphandle kokuklama komqhele, lokhu kuguqulwa kuzoholela ekucindezelekeni kokuxhumana okungalingani phakathi kwe-roll surface kanye newebhu yephepha - "ingcindezi ephezulu emikhawulweni yomibili kanye nokucindezela okuphansi phakathi nendawo" - okubangela ngokuqondile izinkinga zekhwalithi ezingathi sína ezifana nesisindo esiyisisekelo esingalingani kanye nokukhipha amanzi okungalingani kwephepha. Inani eliwumongo lomqhele lisekunxephezelweni ngenkuthalo lokhu konakala, okubonakala ngokucacile kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

2.1 Ukunxephezela Ukuguquguquka Kokugoqa

Lapho ama-core roll emishini yephepha, efana nama-press rolls nama-calender rolls, esebenza, kudingeka afake ukucindezela okukhulu kuwebhu yephepha. Isibonelo, ingcindezi yomugqa yamaroli wokunyathelisa ingafinyelela ku-100-500 kN/m. Emaroli anesilinganiso esikhulu sobude nobubanzi (isb, ubude bemigqa yokunyathelisa emishinini yephepha enobubanzi obubanzi bungaba amamitha angu-8-12), ukuguqulwa okunwebekayo kokugoba okuya phansi phakathi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okufana “nokugoba kwehlombe ngaphansi komthwalo”. Lokhu kuguqulwa kubangela ukucindezela okukhulu kokuxhumana phakathi kokuphela komqulu kanye newebhu yephepha, kuyilapho ukucindezela phakathi nendawo akwanele. Ngenxa yalokho, iwebhu yephepha iphelelwa amanzi ngokweqile emikhawulweni yomibili (okuholela ekomeni okuphezulu nesisindo esiphansi) futhi ingabi namanzi amancane phakathi nendawo (okuholela ekubeni ukoma okuphansi kanye nesisindo esiphezulu).

Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo "esifana nesigubhu" somklamo womqhele siqinisekisa ukuthi ngemva kokugoba kwe-roll, yonke indawo ye-roll ihlala ixhumene ngokufanayo newebhu yephepha, ifinyelela ukusabalalisa kwengcindezi efanayo. Lokhu kubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezingozi zekhwalithi ezibangelwa ukuguquguquka kokugoba.

2.2 Ukunxephezela Ukuguquguquka Kwe-Roll Thermal

Amanye amaroli, njengamaroli aqondisayo kanye namaroli e-calender esigabeni sokumisa, anwetshwa ngokushisa okushisayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngenxa yokuxhumana namawebhu ephepha anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokushisisa isitimu. Njengoba ingxenye ephakathi yomzimba we-roll ishisa ngokugcwele (iziphetho zixhunywe kuma-bearings futhi zihlakaza ukushisa ngokushesha), ukunwetshwa kwayo okushisayo kukhulu kuneziphetho, okuholela "ekungeneni okuphakathi" komzimba we-roll. Kulesi simo, ukusetshenziswa komklamo ojwayelekile womqhele kuzokwengeza ingcindezi yokuxhumana engalingani. Ngakho-ke, "umqhele ongemuhle" (lapho ububanzi bengxenye ephakathi buncane kancane kunaleyo yeziphetho, eyaziwa nangokuthi "umqhele ohlanekezelwe") udinga ukwakhiwa ukuze kususwe iqhubu elengeziwe elibangelwa ukunwetshwa okushisayo, kuqinisekiswe ukucindezela kokuxhumana okufanayo endaweni yomqulu.

2.3 Ukunxephezela I-Uneven Roll Surface Wear

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, amanye amaroli (njengamaroli erabha yokucindezelwa) ahlangabezana nokungqubuzana okuvamile emaphethelweni ewebhu yephepha (njengoba imiphetho yewebhu yephepha ivame ukuthwala ukungcola), okuholela ekugugeni ngokushesha ekugcineni kunaphakathi nendawo. Ngaphandle kokuklama komqhele, i-roll surface izobonisa "i-bulge phakathi nendawo kanye ne-sag ekupheleni" ngemva kokugqoka, okubuye kuthinte ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi. Ngokusetha kusengaphambili umqhele, ukufana kwekhonta engaphezulu kwe-roll kungagcinwa ekuqaleni kokuguga, kunwebe impilo yesevisi ye-roll nokunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kokukhiqiza okubangelwa ukuguga.

3. Ukuhlelwa Komqhele: Ukukhetha Kwezobuchwepheshe Kuguqulelwe Kuzimo Ezihlukene Zokusebenza

Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomshini wephepha (isivinini esiphansi/isivinini esikhulu, ububanzi obuncane/ububanzi), umsebenzi we-roll (ukucindezela/ukuqondisa/ukuqondisa), kanye nezidingo zenqubo, umqhele ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomqhele ziyehluka ezicini zokuklama, izindlela zokulungisa, kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, njengoba kuchazwe kulelithebula elilandelayo:

4. Izinto Eziyinhloko Ezithonya Kudizayini Yomqhele: Ukubala Okunembile Ukuze Kujwayelane Nezimfuneko Zokukhiqiza

Inani lomqhele alisethwanga ngokungafanele; idinga ukubalwa ngokuningiliziwe ngokusekelwe kumingcele ye-roll kanye nezimo zokucubungula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo ngempumelelo. Izici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukwakheka komqhele ikakhulukazi zifaka lezi zici ezilandelayo:

4.1 Roll Dimensions and Material

1. Ubude Bomzimba Oginqikayo (L): Uma ubude bomzimba we-roll, kukhulu ukugoba okugobayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi efanayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuba mkhulu inani lomqhele elidingekayo. Isibonelo, amaroli amade emishinini yephepha enobubanzi obubanzi adinga inani elikhulu lomqhele kunamaroli amafushane emishinini yephepha enobubanzi obuncane ukunxephezela ukuwohloka.
2. I-Roll Body Diameter (D): I-diameter yomzimba we-roll encane, i-rigidity ephansi, futhi i-roll ithambekele kakhulu iwukuwohloka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu lomqhele liyadingeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaroli anobubanzi obukhudlwana anokuqina okuphezulu, futhi inani lomqhele lingancishiswa ngokufanelekile.
3. I-Material Rigidity: Izinto ezihlukene zemizimba ye-roll zinezingqinamba ezihlukene; isibonelo, imiqulu yensimbi inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunemiqulu yensimbi eyinsimbi. Izinto ezinokuqina okuphansi zibonisa ukuwohloka okubaluleke kakhulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi, edinga inani elikhulu lomqhele.

4.2 Ingcindezi Yokusebenza (Linear Pressure)

Ingcindezi yokusebenza (ingcindezi yomugqa) yamaroli afana namaroli okucindezela kanye namaroli e-calender iyisici esibalulekile esithonya ukwakheka komqhele. Lapho ingcindezi yomugqa inkulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwohloka kokugoba komzimba we-roll, nenani lomqhele lidinga ukukhushulwa ngokufanele ukuze kususwe ukuwohloka. Ubuhlobo babo bungavezwa cishe ngefomula eyenziwe lula: Inani Lomqhele H ≈ (P×L³)/(48×E×I), lapho u-P eyingcindezi yomugqa, L ubude bomqulu, u-E uyimoduli enwebekayo yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi mina ngiwumzuzu wokungaguquki kwesigaba esiphambanayo somqulu. Isibonelo, ingcindezi yomugqa yamaroli okucindezela ephepha lokupakisha ivamise ukuba ngaphezu kuka-300 kN/m, ngakho-ke inani lomqhele elihambisanayo lidinga ukuba likhulu kunalelo lamaroli okucindezela ephepha lamasiko elinengcindezi ephansi yomugqa.

4.3 Isivinini somshini kanye nohlobo lwephepha

1. Isivinini somshini: Uma imishini yamaphepha enesivinini esikhulu (isivinini> 1200 m/min) isebenza, iwebhu yephepha izwela kakhulu ekufaneni kwengcindezi kunaleyo esemishinini yephepha enejubane eliphansi. Ngisho nokuguquguquka okuncane kwengcindezi kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwekhwalithi yephepha. Ngakho-ke, imishini yamaphepha esivinini esikhulu ngokuvamile yamukela "umqhele olawulekayo" ukuze ibone isinxephezelo sesikhathi sangempela sokuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo nokuqinisekisa ukucindezela okuzinzile.
2. Uhlobo Lwephepha: Izinhlobo zephepha ezihlukene zinezidingo ezihlukene zokufana kwengcindezi. Iphepha lezicubu (isb., iphepha lasendlini yangasese elinesisindo esingu-10-20 g/m²) linesisindo esiphansi futhi lizwela kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni kwengcindezi, okudinga ukunemba okuphezulu komqhele. Ngokuphambene, iphepha eliwugqinsi (isb., ikhadibhodi elinesisekelo sesisindo esingu-150-400 g/m²) linamandla anamandla okumelana nokuguquguquka kwengcindezi, ngakho-ke izidingo zokunemba komqhele zingehliswa ngokufanelekile.

5. Izinkinga Zomqhele Okuvamile Nokugcinwa: Ukuhlolwa Ngesikhathi Ukuze Uqinisekise Ukukhiqiza Okuzinzile

Ukwakhiwa komqhele okungenangqondo noma ukulungiswa okungalungile kuzothinta ngqo ikhwalithi yephepha futhi kubangele uchungechunge lwezinkinga zokukhiqiza. Izinkinga ezivamile zomqhele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphikisa ezihambisana nazo zimi kanje:

5.1 Inani Lomqhele Elikhulu Ngokweqile

Inani elikhulu kakhulu lomqhele liholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu phakathi nendawo yomqulu, okuholela esisindweni esiphansi kanye nokomisa okuphezulu kwephepha phakathi nendawo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele "ukuchotshozwa" (ukuphuka kwe-fiber), okuthinta amandla nokubukeka kwephepha.

Izinyathelo zokulwa: Ukuze uthole imiqulu engaguquki yomqhele esetshenziswa emishinini yamaphepha ejubane eliphansi, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni semiqulu ngenani elifanele lomqhele. Ukuze uthole amaroli womqhele olawulekayo emishinini yephepha enesivinini esikhulu, umfutho we-hydraulic noma wepneumatic ungancishiswa ngohlelo lomqhele olawulekayo ukuze kwehle inani lomqhele kuze kube yilapho ukusabalalisa kwengcindezi kufana.

5.2 Inani Lomqhele Elincane Ngokweqile

Inani elincane kakhulu lomqhele liholela ekucindezelekeni okunganele phakathi nendawo yomqulu, okuholela ekususweni kwamanzi okwanele kwephepha phakathi nendawo, ukoma okuphansi, isisindo esiphezulu, kanye nokukhubazeka kwekhwalithi "njengamabala amanzi". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase kuthinte nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokumisa elandelayo.

Izinyathelo zokulwa: Kumaroli omqhele angashintshi, umzimba we-roll udinga ukucutshungulwa kabusha ukuze kwenyuswe inani lomqhele. Ngemiqulu yomqhele elawulekayo, ingcindezi ye-hydraulic noma ye-pneumatic inganyuswa ukuze kukhushulwe inani lomqhele, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingcindezi ephakathi ihlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo.

5.3 I-Uneven Wear of Crown Contour

Ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi eside, ingaphezulu le-roll lizoguga. Uma ukugqoka kungalingani, i-contour yomqhele izokhubazeka, futhi "amabala angalingani" azovela ebusweni be-roll. Lokhu kuphinde kubangele iziphambeko ezifana “nemivimbo” kanye “nokugoba” ephepheni, okulimaza kakhulu ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwephepha.

Izinyathelo zokulwa: Hlola njalo i-roll surface. Lapho ukuguga kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, gaya ngesikhathi futhi ulungise indawo eqengqelekayo (isb., phinda ugaye umqhele wamaroli enjoloba acindezelayo) ukuze ubuyisele isimo esivamile nosayizi womqhele futhi uvimbele ukuguga ngokweqile ukuthikameze ukukhiqizwa.

6. Isiphetho

Njengobuchwepheshe obubonakala bucashile kodwa bubalulekile, umqhele wemishini yephepha uwumgogodla wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephepha efanayo. Kusukela kumqhele ongaguquki emishinini yamaphepha ejubane eliphansi ukuya kumqhele olawulekayo emishinini yephepha enesivinini esikhulu, ububanzi obubanzi, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bomqhele bekulokhu kugxile emgomweni oyinhloko "wokunxephezela ukuguqulwa nokufeza ingcindezi efanayo", ukujwayelana nezidingo zezimo ezahlukene zokusebenza zokwenza iphepha. Idizayini yomqhele enengqondo ayixazululi kuphela izinkinga zekhwalithi ezifana nesisindo sesisekelo esingalingani kanye nokungamanzi kahle kwamanzi kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yamaphepha (ukunciphisa inani lokuphuka kwephepha) futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (ukugwema ukomisa ngokweqile). Kuwusekelo lwezobuchwepheshe olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yephepha ukuze kube “kwikhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi”. Ekukhiqizweni kwephepha kwesikhathi esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokunemba kwemishini kanye nokwenza kahle okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo, ubuchwepheshe bomqhele buzocwengwa futhi buhlakaniphe kakhulu, bube neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yephepha.