Enqubweni ye-pulping yemboni yokwenza iphepha, izinto zokusetshenziswa (njengamapulangwe ezinkuni kanye nephepha elilahlwayo) zivame ukuqukatha ukungcola njengesihlabathi, amatshe, insimbi, nepulasitiki. Uma kungasuswanga ngesikhathi, lokhu kungcola kuzosheshisa ukuguga kwemishini elandelayo, kuthinte ikhwalithi yephepha, futhi kubangele nokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza. Njengemishini yokwelapha eyinhloko, isihlukanisi sokukhishwa kwe-slag sinomsebenzi oyinhlokoukuhlukanisa kahle ukungcola okusindayo nokulula ku-pulp. Ihlinzeka nge-pulp ehlanzekile yenqubo yokudonsa elandelayo futhi isebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile komugqa wokukhiqiza iphepha.

I. Isimiso Sokusebenza Esiyinhloko: Siqhutshwa Yikho Kokubili “Umehluko Wokuminyana kanye Nokwehlukaniswa Kwemishini”

Ingqondo yokuhlukanisa yesihlukanisi sokukhishwa kwe-slag isekelwe "kumehluko wokuminyana phakathi kokungcola ne-pulp" futhi ifinyelela ukususwa kokungcola okuhleliwe ngesakhiwo sayo sokusebenza. Inqubo yobuchwepheshe evamile inezinyathelo ezimbili:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kokungcola Okukhulu: Ngemva kokuthi i-pulp ingene ngembobo yokuphakelayo yesisetshenziswa, iqala ngokugeleza iye “endaweni yokuhlukanisa ukungcola okusindayo”. Kule ndawo, izinga lokugeleza kwe-pulp liyancipha. Ukungcola okunzima okunjengesihlabathi, amatshe, namabhulokhi ensimbi, anokuminyana okuphakeme kakhulu kune-pulp, kusheshe kuhlale phansi emishinini ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Bese zikhishwa njalo nge-automatic noma manual slag discharge valve.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kokungcola Okukhanyayo: I-pulp, lapho ukungcola okukhulu kukhishwe khona, iyaqhubeka ingena "endaweni yokuhlukanisa ukungcola okukhanyayo". Le zoni ivamise ukuhlonyiswa ngesigubhu sesikrini esiphendukayo noma isakhiwo se-scraper. Ukungcola okukhanyayo njengezingcezu zepulasitiki, izinyanda zefiber, nothuli, ezinokuminyana okuphansi kune-pulp, zibanjwa isigubhu sesikrini noma kusulwe i-scraper. Ekugcineni, aqoqwa nge-outlet yokungcola okukhanyayo, kuyilapho i-pulp ehlanzekile iqhubekela enqubweni elandelayo.

II. Amapharamitha Abalulekile Wezobuchwepheshe: Izinkomba Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kokuhlukanisa

Lapho ukhetha futhi usebenzisa isihlukanisi sokukhishwa kwe-slag, imingcele elandelayo kufanele igxiliswe kuyo ukuze ifane nezidingo zomugqa wokukhiqiza:

• Amandla okucubungula: Ivolumu ye-pulp engacutshungulwa ngesikhathi seyunithi (imvamisa ikalwa ngo-m³/h). Idinga ukufanisa umthamo wokukhiqiza wemishini yokudonsa engaphambili ukuze ugweme ukugcwala noma ukumosha umthamo wokukhiqiza.
• Ukwehlukana Ngempumelelo: Inkomba eyinhloko yokulinganisa umphumela wokususa ukungcola. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa ukungcola okunzima (okufana nensimbi nesihlabathi) ngokuvamile kudinga ≥98%, kanye nokungcola okukhanyayo (okufana nepulasitiki nemicu eqinile) ≥90%. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunganele kuzothinta ngqo ubumhlophe namandla ephepha.
• I-Screen Drum Aperture: Inquma ukunemba kokuhlukaniswa kokungcola okukhanyayo futhi ilungiswa ngokuvumelana nohlobo lwempahla eluhlaza (isb, indawo yokuvula engu-0.5-1.5mm ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwephepha lemfucuza, futhi ingakhuliswa ngokufanelekile ukuze kukhishwe ukhuni lwe-pulp). Imbobo encane ngokweqile ijwayele ukuvaleka, kuyilapho enkulu ngokweqile izophumela ekuvuzeni kokungcola okukhanyayo.
• Ingcindezi Yokusebenza: Ukucindezela kokugeleza kwe-pulp ngaphakathi kwemishini (ngokuvamile i-0.1-0.3MPa). Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kungabangela ukuguga kwemishini, kuyilapho ukucindezela okuphansi kakhulu kuthinta isivinini sokuhlukanisa. Ukulawulwa okunembile nge-valve yokudla kuyadingeka.

III. Izinhlobo Ezivamile: Zihlukaniswa Ngesakhiwo kanye Nesicelo

Ngokusekelwe kumehluko wezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaphepha (i-pulp yokhuni, i-waste paper pulp) nezinhlobo zokungcola, izihlukanisi zokukhishwa kwe-slag zihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili:

• I-Heavy Ukungcola Separators (Desanders): Gxila ekususeni ukungcola okukhulu. I-"desander eqondile" evamile inesakhiwo esihlangene nendawo encane yaphansi, okwenza ifanele imigqa yokukhiqiza emincane naphakathi; "i-desander enezingqimba" inamandla amakhulu okucubungula kanye nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuvala, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yokukhiqiza imfucuza yephepha enkulu.
• Izihlukanisi Zokungcola Okukhanyayo (Izihlukanisi ze-Slag): Gcizelela ukususwa kokungcola okukhanyayo. Ummeleli ojwayelekile "uyisihlukanisi se-slag sohlobo lwesikrini sokucindezela", esifinyelela ukuhlukaniswa ngesigubhu sesikrini esizungezayo kanye nomehluko wengcindezi, futhi esinakho kokubili imisebenzi yokuhlola nokususa i-slag. Isetshenziswa kabanzi enqubweni ye-pulping yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile ezifana ne-wood pulp kanye ne-bamboo pulp; kukhona futhi "i-centrifugal slag separator", esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa ukungcola okukhanyayo futhi ifanele ukwelashwa kwe-high-concentration pulp (i-concentration ≥3%).

IV. Ukugcinwa Kwansuku zonke: Ukhiye Wokunweba Impilo Yezisetshenziswa Nokuqinisekisa Ukusebenza kahle

Ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesihlukanisi sokukhishwa kwe-slag kuncike ekunakekeleni okuvamile. Izindawo zokunakekela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuhlanza Okuvamile Kwesigubhu Sesikrini: Ngemva kokuvalwa kwansuku zonke, hlola ukuthi isigubhu sesikrini sivinjiwe yini. Uma izimbobo zivinjelwe imicu noma ukungcola, sebenzisa isibhamu samanzi sokucindezela okuphezulu ukuze uhlanza noma ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuzisula ukuze ugweme ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi olandelayo.
2. Ukuhlola Ukuvalwa Kwe-Slag Discharge Valves: Ukuvuza kwama-valve okukhipha ukungcola okusindayo nokulula kuzodala udoti we-pulp futhi kunciphise umphumela wokuhlukanisa. Kudingekile ukuhlola ukugqoka kwezihlalo ze-valve masonto onke bese ushintsha ama-gaskets noma ama-valve awonakele ngesikhathi esifanele.
3. Ukugcotshwa Kwezingxenye Ezibalulekile: Engeza amafutha okugcoba akhethekile ezingxenyeni ezihambayo zemishini, njenge-shaft ejikelezayo nama-bearings, njalo ngenyanga ukuvimbela ukulimala kwengxenye okubangelwa ukungqubuzana okomile nokwandisa impilo yesevisi.
4. Ukuqapha Operating Parameters: Amapharamitha wokuqapha wesikhathi sangempela njengomthamo wokucubungula, ingcindezi, kanye namanje ngohlelo lokulawula. Uma amapharamitha angavamile enzeka (njengokwenyuka kwengcindezi kungazelelwe noma amandla amakhulu kakhulu), misa umshini ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwemishini ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile.

V. Amathrendi Okuthuthukiswa Kwemboni: Ukuthuthukela “Kusebenza Kahle Nobuhlakani”

Ngezidingo ezikhulayo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusebenza kahle embonini yokwenza amaphepha, izihlukanisi zokukhishwa kwe-slag zithuthuka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: Ngokuthuthukisa idizayini yesiteshi sokugeleza (isb, ukwamukela “isakhiwo sokuphambukisa sezoni ekabili”) nokuthuthukisa okokusebenza kwesigubhu sesikrini (isb., insimbi engagqwali engagqoki nezinto eziyinhlanganisela yamangqamuzana aphezulu), ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ukulahleka kwe-pulp kuyehla (kwehliswa izinga lokulahlekelwa ukusuka ku-3% ukuya ngaphansi kuka-1%).
• Ubuhlakani: Hlanganisa izinzwa kanye nesistimu yokulawula ye-PLC ukuze ubone ukuhlanganiswa "kokuqapha okuzenzakalelayo, ukulungisa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sephutha". Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sangempela qapha okuqukethwe kokungcola ku-pulp ngokusebenzisa inzwa yokugxilisa ukungcola, futhi ulungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucindezela kokuphakelayo kanye nemvamisa yokukhishwa kwe-slag; uma imishini ivinjiwe noma izingxenye zihluleka, uhlelo lungakwazi ngokushesha ukuhlaba umkhosi futhi luthumele iziphakamiso zokulungisa, ukunciphisa ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuzenzakalelayo lomugqa wokukhiqiza.

Ekuphetheni, nakuba i-slag discharge separator ingeyona imishini "eyinhloko" emgqeni wokukhiqiza iphepha, "itshe legumbi" lokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezinqubo ezilandelayo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yephepha. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwezinhlobo, ukulawula amapharamitha, nokugcinwa okufanele kunganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza, kunciphise ukwehluleka kwemishini, futhi kunikeze ukusekelwa okubalulekile kokukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwamabhizinisi okwenza iphepha.