Enqubweni yokugaya i-paper work yemboni yokwenza amaphepha, izinto zokusetshenziswa (ezifana nama-wood chips kanye nephepha elingcolile) zivame ukuqukatha ukungcola okufana nesihlabathi, amatshe ayigugu, insimbi, kanye nepulasitiki. Uma kungasuswa ngesikhathi, lokhu kungcola kuzosheshisa ukuguguleka kwemishini elandelayo, kuthinte ikhwalithi yephepha, futhi kubangele nokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza. Njengemishini ebalulekile yokwelapha ngaphambi kokwelashwa, isihlukanisi sokukhipha i-slag sinomsebenzi oyinhloko weukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo ukungcola okunzima nokulula kusuka ku-pulpIhlinzeka nge-pulp ehlanzekile yenqubo elandelayo yokudonsa futhi isebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile komugqa wokukhiqiza iphepha.

I. Isimiso Sokusebenza Esiyinhloko: Siqhutshwa Kokubili “Umehluko Wobuningi kanye Nokuhlukaniswa Kwemishini”

Umqondo wokuhlukanisa wesihlukanisi sokukhipha i-slag usekelwe "ekuhlukeni kobuningi phakathi kokungcola kanye ne-pulp" futhi ufeza ukususwa kokungcola okulinganiselwe ngesakhiwo sawo somshini. Inqubo yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko inezinyathelo ezimbili:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Okukhulu Kokungcola: Ngemva kokuba i-pulp ingena nge-feed port yemishini, iqala igeleze iye “endaweni yokuhlukanisa ukungcola okunzima”. Kule ndawo, izinga lokugeleza kwe-pulp liyehla. Ukungcola okunzima njengesihlabathi, amatshe ayigugu, namabhulokhi ensimbi, anobukhulu obuphezulu kakhulu kune-pulp, ahlala ngokushesha phansi kwemishini ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Bese ekhishwa njalo nge-valve yokukhipha i-slag ezenzakalelayo noma ngesandla.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kokungcola Okuncane: I-pulp, lapho kususwe khona ukungcola okunzima, iyaqhubeka nokungena "endaweni yokuhlukanisa ukungcola okulula". Le ndawo ivame ukufakwa isigubhu sesihenqo esijikelezayo noma isakhiwo sesihenqo. Ukungcola okukhanyayo njengezingcezu zepulasitiki, izinqwaba zefayibha, nothuli, okunobuningi obuphansi kune-pulp, kubanjwa yi-screen drum noma kukhuhlwe yi-scraper. Ekugcineni, kuqoqwa nge-outlet yokungcola okukhanyayo, kuyilapho i-pulp ehlanzekile iqhubekela enqubweni elandelayo.

II. Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe Abalulekile: Izinkomba Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuhlukana

Uma ukhetha futhi usebenzisa isihlukanisi sokukhipha i-slag, kufanele kugxilwe kumingcele elandelayo ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zomugqa wokukhiqiza:

• Umthamo Wokucubungula: Umthamo we-pulp ongacutshungulwa ngeyunithi ngayinye ngesikhathi (ngokuvamile ulinganiswa ngo-m³/h). Kudingeka ufane nomthamo wokukhiqiza wemishini yokudonsa engaphambili ukuze kugwenywe ukulayisha ngokweqile noma ukuchitha umthamo wokukhiqiza.
• Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuhlukana: Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokulinganisa umphumela wokususwa kokungcola. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kokungcola okunzima (njengensimbi nesihlabathi) ngokuvamile kudinga ≥98%, kanye nokungcola okulula (njengepulasitiki nemicu eqinile) ≥90%. Ukusebenza kahle okunganele kuzothinta ngqo ubumhlophe kanye namandla ephepha.
• Imbobo Yesigubhu Sesikrini: Inquma ukunemba kokuhlukaniswa kokungcola kokukhanya futhi ilungiswa ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa (isb., imbobo engu-0.5-1.5mm ivame ukusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni iphepha elingcolile, futhi ingakhuliswa ngokufanele ekucubunguleni i-pulp yokhuni). Imbobo encane kakhulu ivame ukuvaleka, kanti enkulu kakhulu izoholela ekuvuzeni kokungcola kokukhanya.
• Ingcindezi Yokusebenza: Ukucindezela kokugeleza kwe-pulp ngaphakathi kwemishini (ngokuvamile i-0.1-0.3MPa). Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kungabangela ukuguguleka kwemishini, kuyilapho ukucindezela okuphansi kakhulu kuthinta isivinini sokuhlukaniswa. Ukulawula okunembile nge-feed valve kuyadingeka.

III. Izinhlobo Ezivamile: Zihlukaniswa Ngesakhiwo Nokusetshenziswa

Ngokusekelwe ekwehlukeni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza iphepha (i-pulp yokhuni, i-pulp yephepha elingcolile) kanye nezinhlobo zokungcola, abahlukanisi bokukhipha i-slag bahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Abahlukanisi Bokungcola Okukhulu (Abangahloniphi): Gxila ekususeni ukungcola okunzima. “I-desander eqondile” evamile inesakhiwo esincane nendawo encane yephansi, okwenza ifanelekele imigqa yokukhiqiza emincane nephakathi nendawo; “i-desander evundlile” inamandla amakhulu okucubungula kanye nekhono eliqinile lokuvimbela ukuvaleka, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yokukhiqiza imfucuza yamaphepha amakhulu.
• Izihlukanisi Zokungcola Okukhanyayo (Izihlukanisi Ze-Slag): Gcizelela ukususwa kokungcola kokukhanya. Ummeleli ojwayelekile "isihlukanisi se-slag sohlobo lwesikrini sokucindezela", esifinyelela ukuhlukaniswa ngedrama yesikrini ejikelezayo kanye nomehluko wokucindezela, futhi sinomsebenzi wokuhlola kanye nokususa i-slag. Sisetshenziswa kabanzi enqubweni yokudonsa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile njenge-pulp yokhuni kanye ne-bamboo pulp; kukhona futhi "isihlukanisi se-slag se-centrifugal", esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa ukungcola kokukhanya futhi ifanele ukwelashwa kwe-pulp ene-concentration ephezulu (concentration ≥3%).

IV. Ukugcinwa Kwansuku Zonke: Isihluthulelo Sokwandisa Isikhathi Sokuphila Kwemishini Nokuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Kahle

Ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesihlukanisi sokukhipha i-slag kuncike ekunakekelweni okuvamile. Amaphuzu okulungisa ayinhloko afaka:

1. Ukuhlanzwa Okuvamile Kwesigubhu Sesikrini: Ngemva kokuvala nsuku zonke, hlola ukuthi isigubhu sesikrini sivaliwe yini. Uma izimbobo zivinjiwe yimicu noma ukungcola, sebenzisa isibhamu samanzi esinomfutho ophezulu ukuze ugeze noma ithuluzi elikhethekile ukuze uzisuse ukuze ugweme ukuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi olandelayo.
2. Ukuhlola Ukuvalwa Kwama-Slag Discharge Valve: Ukuvuza kwamavalvu okukhipha ukungcola okunzima nokulula kuzodala imfucuza ye-pulp futhi kunciphise umphumela wokuhlukanisa. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuguguleka kwezihlalo zamavalvu masonto onke bese ushintsha ama-gasket noma amavalvu alimele ngesikhathi esifanele.
3. Ukugcotshwa Kwezingxenye Eziyinhloko: Faka uwoyela okhethekile wokugcoba ezingxenyeni ezihambayo zemishini, njenge-shaft ejikelezayo nama-bearings, njalo ngenyanga ukuvimbela umonakalo wengxenye obangelwa ukungqubuzana okomile futhi wandise impilo yesevisi.
4. Ukuqapha Amapharamitha Okusebenza: Amapharamitha okuqapha wesikhathi sangempela njengomthamo wokucubungula, ingcindezi, kanye nogesi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula. Uma kwenzeka amapharamitha angajwayelekile (njengokwanda kwengcindezi ngokuzumayo noma ugesi oweqile), misa umshini ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwemishini ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile.

V. Izitayela Zokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni: Ukuthuthukela “Ekusebenzeni Kahle Kakhulu Nokuhlakanipha”

Njengoba izidingo zokuvikela imvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle embonini yokwenza amaphepha ziyanda, abahlukanisi bokukhipha i-slag bathuthuka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza Kahle Okuphezulu: Ngokwenza ngcono umklamo wesiteshi sokugeleza (isb., ukwamukela "isakhiwo sokuphambukisa esinezindawo ezimbili") kanye nokuthuthukisa izinto zesigubhu sesikrini (isb., insimbi engagqwali engagugi kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinama-molecule aphezulu), ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kuyathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ukulahleka kwe-pulp kuyancishiswa (kunciphisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kusuka ku-3% kuya ngaphansi kwe-1%).
• Ubuhlakani: Hlanganisa izinzwa kanye nohlelo lokulawula lwe-PLC ukuze kuqashelwe ukuhlanganiswa "kokuqapha okuzenzakalelayo, ukulungiswa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi samaphutha". Isibonelo, qapha ngesikhathi sangempela okuqukethwe kokungcola ku-pulp ngenzwa yokuhlushwa kokungcola, bese ulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ingcindezi yokuphakelwa kanye nemvamisa yokukhishwa kwe-slag; uma imishini ivinjiwe noma izingxenye zehluleka, uhlelo lungaxwayisa ngokushesha futhi luthumele iziphakamiso zokulungisa, lunciphise ukungenelela ngesandla futhi luthuthukise izinga lokuzenzakalela komugqa wokukhiqiza.

Ekuphetheni, nakuba isihlukanisi sokukhipha i-slag singeyona imishini "eyinhloko" kakhulu emgqeni wokukhiqiza iphepha, "siyitshe legumbi" lokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezinqubo ezilandelayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yephepha. Ukukhetha izinhlobo ngokufanele, ukulawula amapharamitha, kanye nokugcinwa okufanele kunganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza, kunciphise ukwehluleka kwemishini, futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa okubalulekile kokukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwamabhizinisi okwenza iphepha.