I-Common Raw Materials ekwenzeni Amaphepha: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Ukwenza amaphepha kuyimboni ehlonishwa isikhathi eside encike ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezahlukahlukene ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yephepha esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Kusukela ekhunini kuya ephepheni eligaywe kabusha, impahla ngayinye inezici ezihlukile ezithonya ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwephepha lokugcina. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamaphepha, izakhiwo zazo zefayibha, ukuvunwa kwe-pulp, kanye nezicelo.

Izinkuni: Isisekelo Sendabuko

Izinkuni zingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha, ezinezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukhuni oluthambile noluqinile.

I-Softwood

• Ubude be-Fiber: Ngokuvamile isukela ku-2.5 kuye ku-4.5 mm.
• I-Pulp Yield: Phakathi kuka-45% no-55%.
• Izici: Izintambo ze-Softwood zinde futhi ziguquguqukayo, okwenza kube kuhle ukukhiqiza iphepha elinamandla aphezulu. Ikhono labo lokwakha izixhumanisi eziqinile liphumela ephepheni elinokuqina okuhle kakhulu namandla aqinile. Lokhu kwenza i-softwood ibe yimpahla eluhlaza yokuqala yokwenza iphepha lokubhala, iphepha lokuphrinta, nezinto zokupakisha ezinamandla amakhulu.

Ukhuni oluqinile

• Ubude be-Fiber: Cishe ku-1.0 kuya ku-1.7 mm.
• I-Pulp Yield: Ngokuvamile 40% kuya ku-50%.
• Izici: Imicu yokhuni oluqinile mifushane uma iqhathaniswa ne-softwood. Ngenkathi zikhiqiza iphepha elinamandla aphansi, zivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-softwood pulp ukuze zenze iphepha lokunyathelisa eliphakathi kuya kwebanga eliphansi kanye nephepha lethishu.

Izinsiza Zezolimo Nezitshalo

Ngaphandle kwezinkuni, imikhiqizo embalwa yezolimo nezitshalo zibalulekile ekwenzeni iphepha, zinikeza ukusimama nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Izinhlanga Zotshani Nokolweni

• Ubude be-Fiber: Cishe 1.0 kuya ku-2.0 mm.
• I-Pulp Yield: 30% kuya ku-40%.
• Izici: Lezi zitholakala kabanzi futhi zingabizi kakhulu. Nakuba isivuno sazo se-pulp singesikhulu kakhulu, zilungele ukukhiqiza iphepha lamasiko kanye nephepha lokupakisha.

Uqalo

• Ubude be-FiberUbubanzi: kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3.5 mm.
• I-Pulp Yield: 40% kuya ku-50%.
• Izici: Imicu yoqalo inezindawo eziseduze nokhuni, inamandla amahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-bamboo unomjikelezo omfushane wokukhula kanye nokuvuselelwa okunamandla, okwenza kube enye indlela ebalulekile yokhuni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amaphepha ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iphepha lamasiko kanye nephepha lokupakisha.

I-Bagasse

• Ubude be-Fiber: 0.5 kuya ku-2.0 mm.
• I-Pulp Yield: 35% kuya ku-55%.
• Izici: Njengodoti wezolimo, i-bagasse inothile ngezinsiza. Ubude bayo befiber buyahlukahluka kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kokucubungula, ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza iphepha lokupakisha kanye nephepha lethishu.

I-Waste Paper: Ukukhetha Okuqhubekayo

I-Waste paper idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni oyindilinga wemboni yokwenza amaphepha.

• Ubude be-Fiber: 0.7 mm ukuya ku-2.5 mm. Isibonelo, imicu ephepheni lemfucuza yasehhovisi mifushane, icishe ibe ngu-1 mm, kanti leyo ekwelinye iphepha lemfucuza yokupakisha ingaba yinde.
• I-Pulp Yield: Iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, ikhwalithi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula kwephepha elilahlwayo, ngokuvamile elisukela ku-60% kuya ku-85%. Iziqukathi zikathayela ezindala (i-OCC) zingaba nesivuno se-pulp cishe esingama-75% kuya ku-85% ngemva kokuphathwa kahle, kuyilapho amaphepha okulahlwa ehhovisi axubile ngokuvamile anesivuno esingama-60% kuya ku-70%.
• Izici: Ukusebenzisa imfucuza yamaphepha njengento eluhlaza kuhambisana nemvelo futhi kunesivuno esikhulu se-pulp. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwephepha eligaywe kabusha kanye nephepha likathayela, libe nesandla ekongiweni kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza.

Amanothi Okucubungula Okubalulekile

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubo ze-pulping ziyahlukahluka ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene.Ukhuni, uqalo, utshani, nezihlanga zikakolweni zidinga ukuphekwangesikhathi pulping. Le nqubo isebenzisa amakhemikhali noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela ukuze kukhishwe izingxenye ezingenayo i-fibrous njenge-lignin ne-hemicellulose, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imicu ihlukene futhi ilungele ukwenziwa kwephepha.

Ngokuphambene, imfucuza iphepha pulping akudingi ukupheka. Esikhundleni salokho, kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezifana ne-deinking kanye nokuhlola ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola kanye nokulungiselela imicu ukuze iphinde isetshenziswe.

Ukuqonda izici zalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kubalulekile ukuze abenzi bamaphepha bakhethe izinto ezifanele zemikhiqizo yabo ethile, ikhwalithi yokulinganisa, izindleko, nokusimama. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amandla emicu ye-softwood noma ubungane bemvelo bephepha likadoti, impahla ngayinye eluhlaza inikela ngokuhlukile emhlabeni ohlukahlukene wemikhiqizo yephepha.