Izinto Ezivamile Zokusetshenziswa Ekwenzeni Amaphepha: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Ukwenza amaphepha kuyimboni edume isikhathi eside ethembele ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa ukuze ikhiqize imikhiqizo yephepha esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Kusukela okhunini kuya ephepheni eliphinde lasetshenziswa, into ngayinye inezici ezihlukile ezithinta ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwephepha lokugcina. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivame kakhulu ekwenzeni amaphepha, izakhiwo zazo zefayibha, isivuno se-pulp, kanye nokusetshenziswa.

Izinkuni: Isisekelo Sendabuko

Izinkuni zingenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iphepha, zinezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinkuni ezithambile kanye nezinkuni eziqinile.

Izinkuni ezithambile

• Ubude befayibha: Ngokuvamile isukela ku-2.5 kuya ku-4.5 mm.
• Isivuno se-Pulp: Phakathi kuka-45% no-55%.
• Izici: Imicu yokhuni oluthambile inde futhi iyaguquguquka, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokukhiqiza iphepha elinamandla aphezulu. Amandla ayo okwenza izingidi eziqinile aholela ephepheni eliqinile kakhulu kanye namandla okuthambekela. Lokhu kwenza ukhuni oluthambile lube yinto eluhlaza esezingeni eliphezulu yokukhiqiza iphepha lokubhala, iphepha lokunyathelisa, kanye nezinto zokupakisha ezinamandla aphezulu.

Izinkuni eziqinile

• Ubude befayibha: Cishe 1.0 kuya ku-1.7 mm.
• Isivuno se-Pulp: Ngokuvamile 40% kuya ku-50%.
• Izici: Imicu yokhuni oluqinile imfushane uma iqhathaniswa nokhuni oluthambile. Nakuba ikhiqiza iphepha elinamandla aphansi, ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-pulp yokhuni oluthambile ukuze kudalwe iphepha lokunyathelisa eliphakathi kuya kweliphansi kanye nephepha lezicubu.

Izinto Zokulima Nezitshalo

Ngaphandle kokhuni, imikhiqizo eminingana yezolimo kanye nezitshalo zibalulekile ekwenzeni iphepha, okunikeza ukusimama kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Utshani kanye neziqu zikakolweni

• Ubude befayibha: Cishe 1.0 kuya ku-2.0 mm.
• Isivuno se-Pulp: 30% kuya ku-40%.
• Izici: Lezi zitholakala kabanzi futhi zingabizi kakhulu. Nakuba isivuno sazo se-pulp singesiphezulu kakhulu, zifanelekile ekukhiqizeni iphepha lesiko kanye nephepha lokupakisha.

Uqalo

• Ubude befayibha: Isukela ku-1.5 kuya ku-3.5 mm.
• Isivuno se-Pulp: 40% kuya ku-50%.
• Izici: Imicu ye-bamboo inezakhiwo eziseduze nokhuni, futhi inamandla amahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bamboo inomjikelezo omfushane wokukhula kanye nokuvuselelwa okunamandla, okwenza kube yindlela ebalulekile esikhundleni sokhuni. Ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amaphepha ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iphepha lamasiko kanye nephepha lokupakisha.

I-Bagasse

• Ubude befayibha: 0.5 kuya ku-2.0 mm.
• Isivuno se-Pulp: 35% kuya ku-55%.
• Izici: Njengodoti wezolimo, i-bagasse icebile ngezinsizakusebenza. Ubude bayo be-fiber buyahlukahluka kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kokucutshungulwa, ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza iphepha lokupakisha kanye nephepha lezicubu.

Iphepha Elilahliwe: Ukukhetha Okusimeme

Iphepha elilahliwe lidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni ojikelezayo wemboni yokwenza amaphepha.

• Ubude befayibha: 0.7 mm kuya ku-2.5 mm. Isibonelo, imicu ephepheni likadoti lasehhovisi imfushane kakhulu, cishe i-1 mm, kanti leyo ephepheni likadoti lokupakisha ingase ibe yinde.
• Isivuno se-Pulp: Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, ikhwalithi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula iphepha elingcolile, ngokuvamile lisukela ku-60% kuya ku-85%. Izitsha ezindala ezihlanganisiwe (i-OCC) zingaba nesivuno se-pulp esingaba ngu-75% kuya ku-85% ngemva kokuphathwa kahle, kuyilapho iphepha elihlanganisiwe le-office livame ukuba nesivuno esingu-60% kuya ku-70%.
• IziciUkusebenzisa iphepha elingcolile njengento eluhlaza kunobungani nemvelo futhi kunesivuno esikhulu se-pulp. Lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwephepha eliphinde lasetshenziswa kanye nephepha elihlanganisiwe, okufaka isandla ekongiweni kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza.

Amanothi Okucubungula Okuyinhloko

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubo zokugaya ziyahlukahluka ezintweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.Izinkuni, uqalo, utshani, kanye neziqu zikakolweni kudinga ukuphekwangesikhathi sokugaya. Le nqubo isebenzisa amakhemikhali noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukususa izingxenye ezingezona izintambo njenge-lignin ne-hemicellulose, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlukanisiwe futhi zilungele ukwenziwa kwephepha.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugaya amaphepha angcolile akudingi ukupheka. Kunalokho, kuhilela izinqubo ezinjengokususa i-inki nokuhlola ukuze kususwe ukungcola nokulungiselela imicu ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha.

Ukuqonda izakhiwo zalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kubalulekile kubenzi bephepha ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zemikhiqizo yabo ethile, ukulinganisela ikhwalithi, izindleko, kanye nokusimama. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amandla emicu yokhuni oluthambile noma ubungane bephepha elilahliwe, izinto zokusetshenziswa ngakunye zinikela ngokukhethekile ezweni elihlukahlukene lemikhiqizo yephepha.