Amafelti omshini wephepha ayizingxenye ezibalulekile enkambisweni yokwenza iphepha, ethonya ngqo ikhwalithi yephepha, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni ezahlukene—njengendawo yazo emshinini wephepha, indlela yokweluka, isakhiwo sendwangu eyisisekelo, ibanga lephepha elifanele, kanye nomsebenzi othize—amafelti omshini wephepha angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi, ngayinye inezakhiwo nezinjongo ezihlukile.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngesikhundla Emshinini Wephepha
Lolu uhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu, olusekelwe kakhulu endaweni yefelt ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokwenza iphepha:
- I-Wet Felt: Isetshenziswa kakhulu esigabeni sokucindezela, ixhumana ngqo ne-web yephepha elimanzi esanda kwakheka. Indima yayo eyinhloko ukucindezela amanzi aphume ku-web bese kuqala ibushelelezi ubuso bephepha.
- I-Felt Ephezulu: Ibekwe ngaphezu kwefelt emanzi, kanti ezinye izindawo zithinta amasilinda okomisa. Ngaphezu kokusiza ekususeni amanzi, iqondisa iwebhu yephepha, iyisicaba, futhi isheshise ukoma.
- I-Dryer Felt: Igoqwe kakhulu ngamasilinda okomisa, iyayina futhi yomise iphepha ngemva kokucindezela, isebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile enkambisweni yokomisa.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngendlela Yokuluka
Indlela yokweluka inquma isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sefelthi kanye nezici zokusebenza:
- I-Felt Elukiwe: Kwenziwe ngemicu ehlanganisiwe yoboya kanye nemicu yensimbi ye-nylon, kulandelwa izinqubo zendabuko ezifana nokuluka, ukugcwalisa, ukulala, ukomisa, kanye nokubeka. Inesakhiwo esizinzile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
- I-Felt Ebhotshozwe Ngenaliti: Indwangu engalukiwe eyenziwe ngokufaka imicu ye-carding ibe yi-web, ihlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi, bese kusetshenziswa izinaliti zensimbi ezinameva ukubhoboza i-web ye-fiber ibe yindwangu eyisisekelo engapheli, ibambe imicu. Ama-felt abhobozwe ngenaliti anikeza ukungena komoya okuhle kakhulu kanye nokunwebeka, okwenza asetshenziswe kabanzi emishinini yephepha yesimanje.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngokwesakhiwo Sendwangu Esiyisisekelo
Indwangu eyisisekelo isekela isakhiwo esiyinhloko sefelti, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukuqina nokuqina kwefelti:
- Indwangu Yesisekelo Enesendlalelo Esisodwa: Ilula kakhulu ngesakhiwo futhi ingabizi kakhulu, ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zekhwalithi ephansi yephepha.
- Indwangu Yesisekelo Enezingqimba Ezimbili: Yakhiwe ngezendlalelo ezimbili zendwangu eziyisisekelo ezingenhla nezingezansi, inamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okulinganayo, okwenza ikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu kanye nokucindezeleka.
- Indwangu Eyisisekelo Elaminethiwe: Ihlukaniswe ngezakhiwo ezifana no-1+1, 1+2, 2+1, kanye no-1+1+1 ngokusekelwe enanini kanye nohlobo lwezindwangu ezisekelwe e-laminated. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinzuzo zezendlalelo ezahlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezisebenza kahle zezinqubo zokwenza amaphepha ezithuthukisiwe.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngokwebanga Lephepha Elisebenzayo
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha zibeka izidingo ezihlukile ekusebenzeni kwefelithi:
- I-Felt Yephepha Lokupakisha: Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokupakisha ezifana nephepha elihlanganisiwe kanye nebhodi lezitsha. Idinga ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo.
- Iphepha Lamasiko Elihlanganisiwe: Ifanelekela iphepha lokunyathelisa, iphepha lokubhala, kanye nephepha lokunyathelisa, elidinga ukushelela okuphezulu kanye nokufana kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, i-felt kumele ibe nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zendawo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhipha amanzi.
- I-Felt Yephepha Elikhethekile: Yakhelwe izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlukile zamaphepha akhethekile (isb., iphepha lokuhlunga, iphepha lokuvikela, iphepha lokuhlobisa). Ngokuvamile idinga izakhiwo ezikhethekile njengokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, noma ukungena komoya okuthile.
- Iphepha Lezicubu Elihlanganisiwe: Isetshenziselwa iphepha langasese, ama-napkin, njll. Kumelwe lithambe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphepha libanzi futhi liyamunca.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngokwemisebenzi Eqondile
Ezigabeni ezithile zomshini wephepha, ama-felt ahlukaniswa kakhulu ngezindima zawo:
- Izingxenye Zokucindezela: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi “i-first press top felt,” “i-first press bottom felt,” kanye “ne-vacuum press felt,” ehambisana nezindawo ezahlukene zokucindezela kanye nezinqubo esigabeni sokucindezela.
- Ama-Felt Esigaba Sokwakha: Njengokuthi “ukwakha i-felt” kanye “ne-felt yokudlulisa,” ngokuyinhloko inesibopho sokusekela nokudlulisa iwebhu yephepha.
- Ama-Felt Okucindezela Ngaphambi KokucindezelaIzibonelo zifaka phakathi “i-prepress top felt” kanye “ne-vacuum prepress top felt,” esetshenziselwa ukususa amanzi kanye nokubumba i-paper web ngaphambi kokuba ingene emshinini oyinhloko.
Ngamafuphi, amafelti omshini wephepha eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngayinye yenzelwe izinjongo ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza abenzi bephepha ukuthi bakhethe ifelti efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yephepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-03-2025