Enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokwenza amaphepha, ikhwalithi yokwenza amaphepha iyisici esiyinhloko esinquma ikhwalithi yephepha, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nenani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo. Imishini yephepha yendabuko ye-fourdrinier isebenzisa ukususwa kwamanzi ohlangothini olulodwa futhi yakheke ngentambo engezansi, ebilokhu ihlushwa izinkinga zezimboni ezifana nokuba nezinhlangothi ezimbili ezinzima, ukwakheka kwephepha okubi kanye nesivinini sokukhiqiza esilinganiselwe. Njengedivayisi ethuthukisiwe eyinhloko yemishini yephepha ye-fourdrinier, intambo ephezulu ithembele ezinzuzweni zobuchwepheshe zokususwa kwamanzi ohlangothini olulodwa kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlangothi ezimbili. Sekuyilungiselelo eliyisihluthulelo semigqa yokukhiqiza yamaphepha yesimanje ephakathi nephezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yephepha, kwandiswe umthamo wokukhiqiza futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwamabanga ajwayelekile ephepha okuhlanganisa iphepha lamasiko, iphepha lokupakisha kanye nephepha elikhethekile.
## 1. Incazelo Eyisisekelo kanye Nokwakheka Kwemishini Yentambo Ephezulu
Intambo ephezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi intambo ephezulu, kanye nemishini yayo esekelayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-top wire former. Iyisistimu yentambo ye-polyester ehlanganisa i-annular efakwe ngaphezu kwengxenye yentambo yemishini yephepha yendabuko ye-fourdrinier, eyakha isakhiwo sentambo esinezingqimba ezimbili ngentambo engezansi yemishini. Imishini ephelele yakhiwe kakhulu ngama-guide rolls, ama-forming rolls, ama-tension rolls, ama-correction rolls, ama-return rolls kanye namadivayisi okuhlanza nokufutha asekelayo. Inesakhiwo esiqinile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile, ingalinganiswa futhi ivuselelwe ngokuphelele ngemishini yephepha ye-fourdrinier ekhona.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokusebenza, ucingo olungaphezulu aludingi injini eqhutshwayo futhi lusebenza ngokuvumelanayo ngokungqubuzana nocingo olungezansi kanye nolwephepha olumanzi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kakhulu. I-pulp iqala ngokucwiliswa emanzini kusengaphambili ocingweni olungezansi ukuze yakhe ulwebhu lokuqala lwephepha olumanzi, olube selungena endaweni yokubamba efana ne-wedge eyakhiwe ulwebhu oluphezulu kanye nolwephepha oluphansi. Luqiniswe ngokuqinile yi-wire mesh enezingqimba ezimbili, ulwebhu lwephepha luqeda ukucwiliswa kwamanzi okulandelayo kanye nokwakheka okuhle, lushintsha ngokuphelele imodi yokukhiqiza yokwakheka kohlangothi olulodwa.
## 2. Isimiso Sokusebenza Esiyinhloko Sokwenza Izintambo Eziphezulu
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokwakheka kwentambo ephezulu zisekususeni amanzi ngendlela elinganayo yezinhlangothi zombili kanye nokwakheka okufanayo okuguquguqukayo**. Imishini yephepha yendabuko ye-fourdrinier ihlunga amanzi kuphela phansi ngentambo engezansi. Imicu emincane kanye nama-fillers ku-pulp ahlala phansi ngokugeleza kwamanzi, okuholela endaweni engaphansi exinene kanye nendawo engaphezulu ekhululekile yewebhu yephepha kanye nomehluko osobala wesakhiwo phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Ngemva kokuba ucingo olungaphezulu seluqalile ukusebenza, kwakheka isiteshi sokukhipha amanzi esingaphezulu nangaphansi lapho iwebhu yephepha elimanzi ingena endaweni yokubopha izintambo ezingqimba ezimbili: amanzi angakhishwa phansi ngentambo engezansi bese enyuka ngentambo ephezulu. Ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka okuncane kokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwamanzi kwentambo engqimba ezimbili, ama-fiber flocs ngaphakathi kwewebhu yephepha ahlakazeka kancane, futhi imicu ehlelwe ngokungahlelekile isatshalaliswa kabusha ngokulinganayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukulingana kokusatshalaliswa kwama-fillers kanye nemicu emincane. Okwamanje, ukulawulwa kokucindezela okuqhubekayo kwendawo yokubopha kugwema ukuchotshozwa kwewebhu kanye nokuphuka kwephepha okubangelwa ukucindezelwa okusheshayo kwephepha elimanzi, okwenza iphepha libe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi lizinzile.
## 3. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokusebenzisa Izintambo Eziphezulu Ekukhiqizeni Amaphepha
### 3.1 Ukususa Iphepha Elinezinhlangothi Ezimbili Nokuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yephepha
Ukungabi namacala amabili kuyisici esiyinhloko sekhwalithi yokwenza iphepha lendabuko le-fourdrinier, okubonakala ngomehluko omkhulu ekubusheleleni, ukugoba, ukuphrinta kanye nokuvumelana kombala phakathi kwezinhlangothi zangaphambili nangemuva zephepha, okuthinta kakhulu umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwamabanga ephepha aphezulu. Ngokususa amanzi ngendlela elinganayo emaceleni amabili, ucingo oluphezulu lulinganisela ukuqina kwefayibha kanye nesakhiwo sembobo ezinhlangothini zombili zewebhu lephepha futhi kunciphisa kakhulu umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili. Iphepha elilungiselelwe linobuso obuthambile nobufanayo obunokunamathela okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu kokumboza kanye nokunemba kokuphrinta okungaphezulu kokuphrinta, okwenza kube ukumiswa kwenqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamaphepha amasiko aphezulu njengephepha elingaphandle, iphepha eliyisisekelo elimboziwe, iphepha lokukopisha kanye nephepha lokuphepha.
### 3.2 Ukuthuthukisa Ukwakheka Kwamashidi Nokususa Amaphutha Okungaphezulu
Ukugobhoza kwefayibha kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwe-pulp, ukwakha ama-paper floc, ama-cloud marks, ama-pinhole kanye nezinye izinkinga zokubonakala ezinciphisa ibanga lephepha. Amandla amancane okusika akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwendawo yokubopha ucingo ephezulu angahlakaza ngempumelelo ama-pulp floc, enze ama-fiber kanye nama-filler asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo, athuthukise kakhulu ukwakheka kweshidi lonke, anciphise izinkinga zobuso bephepha, futhi athuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwephepha kanye nezinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo oqediwe.
### 3.3 Ukuthuthukisa Amandla Okukhipha Amanzi kanye Nokwandisa Amandla Okukhiqiza
Intambo ephezulu ingathwala u-30% ~ 40% wamandla okukhipha amanzi aphelele wengxenye yentambo, yabelana ngempumelelo nomthwalo osebenzayo webhokisi le-vacuum lentambo engezansi futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha amanzi kwengxenye yentambo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokukhiqiza, ukoma kwephepha elimanzi eliphuma entanjeni kukhushulwa kakhulu emishinini yephepha efakwe izintambo eziphezulu, okuqeda ngokuphelele imbobo yomthamo onganele wokukhipha amanzi kanye nokusebenza okulinganiselwe kwesivinini esikhulu kwemishini yephepha yendabuko ye-fourdrinier. Ijubane lomshini wephepha lingakhushulwa ngo-20% ~ 50%, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla okukhiqiza omugqa wokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhipha amanzi ngaphambi kokukhipha amanzi okuphumelelayo kunciphisa ubude betafula lentambo futhi konga izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha izitshalo nemishini.
### 3.4 Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okukhiqiza Nokwandisa Isikhathi Senkonzo Yemishini
Imodi yokususa amanzi ohlangothini olubili lwentambo ephezulu inciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nomthwalo wokumunca i-vacuum ephezulu yentambo engezansi, yehlisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamaphampu e-vacuum futhi yonge amandla okukhiqiza. Okwamanje, intambo engezansi ayisathwali yonke impembelelo ye-pulp kanye nokungqubuzana kwengcindezi okungekuhle kuphela, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga lokuguguleka, isikhathi eside kakhulu senkonzo, kanye nezikhathi ezimbalwa zokushintsha intambo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi amhlophe oluthuthukisiwe luthuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa kabusha i-pulp, lunciphisa umthwalo wokukhiqiza indle, futhi lufeza ukonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhiqizwa oluhlaza.
## 4. Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Nezimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwezintambo Eziphezulu
Ngokwesisindo sephepha, izidingo zenqubo kanye nesivinini sokukhiqiza, izintambo eziphezulu zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu ezivumelaniswe nezimo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza:
### 4.1 Intambo Ephezulu Yohlobo Olugoqekayo
Njengemodeli eyinhloko emakethe, yakha indawo yokubopha ecindezelwe nge-arc ngokusebenzisa ama-rolls ukuze kufezwe ukususwa kwamanzi okuqhubekayo. Ngokucindezela okuzinzile, ukulungiswa okulula kanye nokubekezelela okuphezulu kokusebenza, ifaneleka emigqeni yokukhiqiza ephakathi nendawo nephezulu enesivinini esingu-250–1000m/min, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwamaphepha amaningi ezimboni njengephepha elingaphandle, ibhodi lebhokisi kanye nephepha lesisekelo elihlanganisiwe.
### 4.2 Ucingo Oluphezulu Olufana Nokuklwebha
Ithatha indawo yama-forming rolls endabuko ngama-arc water scraping plates, anengcindezi yendawo yokubamba ethambile kanye nenqubo yokususa amanzi kancane. Ingagwema ngempumelelo umonakalo wokucindezelwa kanye nokuphuka kwephepha lephepha elincane elinesisindo esincane, futhi isebenza kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamaphepha alula njengephepha langasese kanye nephepha elincane.
### 4.3 Intambo Ehlanganisiwe Ephezulu
Ihlanganisa izinzuzo ezimbili zezintambo eziphezulu zohlobo lwe-scraper kanye nohlobo lwe-roll, isebenzisa ama-scraper okususa amanzi kancane ngaphambi kokukhipha amanzi engxenyeni engaphambili kanye nezakhiwo zohlobo lwe-roll zokususa amanzi ngenkani engxenyeni engemuva. Ilinganisela ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ingazivumelanisa nokukhiqizwa kwamabanga ahlukahlukene ephepha anesisindo esiphakeme nesiphansi, futhi iyilungiselelo elikhethwayo lamabhizinisi amakhulu okwenza amaphepha aphelele.
## 5. Inani Lokusetshenziswa Kwezimboni kanye Nokuthuthuka Kwezintambo Eziphezulu
Imboni yamanje yokwenza amaphepha ithuthuka iye esivinini esikhulu, izinga eliphezulu, ukonga amandla kanye nokuhluzwa**. Inqubo yendabuko ebanzi yokwenza uhlangothi olulodwa ayisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza zemikhiqizo yamaphepha ephezulu. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokwenza ngcono, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza ucingo oluphezulu buxazulula ikhwalithi eyinhloko kanye namaphuzu obuhlungu okukhiqiza awenziwe ngephepha le-fourdrinier emthonjeni. Ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi inciphise ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa, iletha izinzuzo zomnotho kanye nezemvelo.
Kuma-grade ephepha anenani eliphezulu njengephepha lamasiko elisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nephepha lokupakisha elihle, i-top wire iyinqubo eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ukuncintisana emakethe yomkhiqizo; kuma-grade ephepha lezimboni ajwayelekile, ukulungiswa kwe-top wire kuyindlela efanelekile yokuguqula ubuchwepheshe yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokwenyuka kokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa izindleko. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile nokunembile kwemishini yokwenza iphepha, uhlelo lokwakha i-top wire luzothuthukela ekulungisweni kwengcindezi okunembe kakhulu, ukuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka okuhlakaniphile, okuzohambisana nezidingo zokukhiqiza iphepha lesimanje ngesivinini esiphezulu nekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi kube ubuchwepheshe bokwakha i-core obubalulekile embonini yokwenza iphepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2026